5MinuteConsult | Shoulder Anatomy and Examination

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Shoulder Anatomy and Examination Updated 4/2010

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BASICS

Description

Bones:
- Glenohumeral joint:
  - The humeral head articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
  - Stabilized by the glenohumeral ligaments (1) capsule and rotator cuff muscles
  - The labrum of the glenoid deepens the joint and enhances stability.
- AC joint:
  - The acromion process of the scapula articulates with the distal clavicle.
  - Suspends the arm and scapula
- Sternoclavicular joint:
  - The sternum articulates with the proximal end of clavicle.
  - Suspends the arm and scapula
- Scapulothoracic joint:
  - Consists of the body of the scapula and the muscles covering the posterior chest wall
  - Contributes to shoulder flexion and rotation
Muscles:
- The trapezius, levator, rhomboids, and serratus anterior stabilize the scapula to aid motion at the glenohumeral joint.
- Deltoid: Flexor, abductor, and extensor
- Rotator cuff ...