The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage due to reactive changes at joint margins and in subchondral bone.
Epidemiology
Incidence
In the United States, 33% to 90% of people over 65 have OA, based on radiographic evidence.
Prevalence
- Approximately 60 million patients at any given time
- The prevalence is equal across gender.
- Age:
- –Predominantly found in patients over 40 years of age.
- –Leading cause of disability over age 65
Risk Factors
- Age over 50
- Obesity
- Prolonged occupational and sports stress
- Injury to a joint
Genetics
Some genetic studies suggest susceptibility genes on chromosomes 2,4,7,11,16, especially for hand and hip OA.
Pathophysiology
- Increased synthesis and activation of extracellular proteinases, mainly matrix metalloproteinases ...
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