The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
Abnormality in the cardiocirculatory system that is present at birth but does not cause mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood:
- L→R shunting lesions:
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- Atrial septal defect (ASD)
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Endocardial cushion defects (AV canal)
- Ventricular outflow obstructions:
- Coarctation of aorta (LV)
- Aortic stenosis (LV)
- Pulmonic stenosis (RV)
- Hypoplastic left-heart syndrome (HLHS)
- Ductal dependent: Symptoms as DA closes:
- Coarctation of aorta
- Critical aortic stenosis
- Critical pulmonic stenosis
- Hypoplastic left-heart syndrome
Etiology
For most forms, cause is unknown:
- Genetic: Down (AV canal), Turner (coarct)
- Environmental: Congenital rubella (PDA, AS)
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