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Diaphragmatic Trauma Updated 12/2010

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BASICS

  • Description
  • Epidemiology
  • Etiology

DIAGNOSIS

  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Essential Workup
  • Tests
  • Differential Diagnosis

TREATMENT

  • Initial Stabilization
  • ED Treatment
  • Medication (Drugs)
  • In-patient Considerations

Ongoing Care

  • Follow-Up Recommendations
The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
  • Penetrating injury:
    • Violation of the diaphragm by penetrating object (most commonly stab and gunshot wounds)
    • May involve any portion of diaphragm
  • Blunt injury:
    • Increased intra-abdominal or intrathoracic pressure is transmitted to diaphragm, causing rupture.
    • Usually due to motor vehicle crashes
    • Injuries are more commonly left-sided:
      • Left hemidiaphragm has posterolateral embryologic point of weakness.
      • Right hemidiaphragm is protected by liver.
      • Injuries are larger than with penetrating injury (frequently between 5–15 cm in length).
  • Diaphragmatic defects do not heal spontaneously because of pleuroperitoneal pressure gradient:
    • May exceed 100 cm H2O during maximal respiratory effort
    • Promotes herniation of abdominal contents through rent in diaphragm and into chest
Epidemiology
Incidence

Estimated to be 1–7% in substantial ...

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See Also
Images >
FIGURE 109.20 Autopsy specimen of an infant with severe pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pulmonary hypoplasia is bilateral, but the left lung is most severely affected.Credit: Michael W. Mulholland, Ronald V. Maier etal. Greenfield's Surgery Scientific Principles And Practice, Fourth Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.