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Diarrhea, Pediatric Updated 12/2010

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BASICS

  • Description
  • Etiology

DIAGNOSIS

  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Essential Workup
  • Tests
  • Differential Diagnosis

TREATMENT

  • Initial Stabilization
  • ED Treatment
  • Medication (Drugs)
  • In-patient Considerations

Ongoing Care

  • Follow-Up Recommendations
The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
  • One of the most common pediatric complaints; 2nd only to respiratory infections in overall disease frequency fo ED visits
  • Leading cause of illness and death in children worldwide
  • Acute infectious enteritis (AIE):
    • Vomiting and diarrhea
    • Children <5 yr in the U.S. typically have 2 episodes annually.
    • Responsible for ∼10% of all pediatric ED visits and hospital admissions
  • Acute change in the “normal” bowel pattern that leads to increased number or volume of stools and lasts <7 days; World Health Organization (WHO) defines case as 3 or more loose or watery stools per day.
    • Chronic if the diarrhea persists for >2 wk
Etiology
  • Acute enteritis:
    • Infectious:
      • Viruses: 70–80% of cases:
        • Rotavirus most common
        • Enteric adenovirus
        • Norovirus (food borne outbreaks)
      • Bacteria: 10–20%:
        • E. coli, Yersinia, C. difficile
        • Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter
        • Vibrio sp.
        • Aeromonas sp.
      • Parasites: 5%:
        • Cryptosporidiosis (water-borne)
        • Giardia lambia
    • Noninfectious:
      • Postinfectious
      • Food allergies and ...
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