The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
- Hypercalcemia associated with malignancy is the most common cause of severe hypercalcemia diagnosed in a hospital setting.
- Often a very poor prognostic sign
- Occurs with both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies; most commonly associated with multiple myeloma and breast and lung cancer; also associated with metastases to bone
Epidemiology
Incidence
Hypercalcemia is diagnosed in 20–30% of all cancer patients during the course of illness (1).
Risk Factors
- Dehydration
- Immobilization
General Prevention
Encourage adequate hydration and activity, especially in multiple myeloma.
Pathophysiology
- Increased bone resorption is involved in most cases, caused either by extensive local bone destruction or by humoral factors.
- Humoral factors can interfere with the normal regulation of calcium by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, and calcitonin.
- The ...
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