Hypernatremia
Updated 3/2011
Fae G. Wooding, PharmD, Joshua M.V. Mammen, MD, PhD, David L. Nickerson, PharmD
- Description
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors
- General Prevention
- Etiology
- Associated Conditions
- Signs and Symptoms
- Tests
- Differential Diagnosis
- Medication (Drugs)
- Additional Treatment
- In-patient Considerations
- Follow-Up Recommendations
- Diet
- Patient Education
- Prognosis
- Complications
The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
- Serum sodium (Na) concentration level >145 mEq/L often represents a state of hyperosmolality.
- Hypernatremia results from primary Na+ gain or water deficit.
- Hypernatremia may exist with hypo-, hyper-, or euvolemia.
- Hypovolemic hypernatremia: Most common type; occurs with a decrease in total body water (TBW) and a proportionataly smaller decrease in total body Na.
- Euvolemic hypernatremia: No change in TBW with an proportionate increase in total body Na
- Hypervolemic hypernatremia: Increase in TBW and a proportionately greater increase in total body Na
ALERT:
Geriatric Considerations
- More common in the hospitalized patient; is an independent risk factor for mortality
- Hypernatremia may be caused by dehydration due to administration of loop diuretics.
- Increased risk because of impaired renal function and ...
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