The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
Idiopathic intermittent episodes of vasoconstriction of digital arteries, precapillary arterioles, and cutaneous arteriovenous shunts in response to cold temperatures or emotional stress. A triphasic color change of the fingers (occasionally, of the toes) is the physical manifestation of the episodes. Thumbs are rarely involved. The initial color is white from extreme pallor, then blue from cyanosis; and finally with warming and vasodilatation intense redness develops. Swelling, throbbing, and paresthesias are the final symptoms:
- Primary (idiopathic Raynaud disease):
- 80% of patients with Raynaud phenomenon have primary disease.
- Episodes are bilateral and nonprogressive.
- Diagnosis confirmed only if after >2 years of symptoms, no underlying associated disease develops
- Secondary (Raynaud syndrome):
- Progressive and asymmetric
- Spasm is more frequent and more severe ...
You must be logged in to fully access this content.
Sign up for a 30-Day Free Trial
Sign up for a 30-Day FREE Trial now and receive access to all content.
Have a book code?
Submit your book code to create your
FREE standard account.