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Sickle Cell Disease, Urologic Considerations Updated 4/2010

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BASICS

  • Description
  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • General Prevention
  • Pathophysiology
  • Associated Conditions

DIAGNOSIS

  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Tests
  • Differential Diagnosis

TREATMENT

  • Medication (Drugs)
  • Surgery
  • Additional Treatment | Radiotherapy

Ongoing Care

  • Prognosis
  • Complications
  • Follow-Up Recommendations
The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
  • SC disease is a chronic hemoglobinopathy transmitted genetically and marked by severe chronic hemolytic anemia and periodic acute painful episodes.
  • The heterozygote is termed sickle cell trait and usually has no symptoms.
  • Major GU complications can include priapism and a spectrum of renal disorders from hematuria and decreased renal concentrating ability through renal medullary carcinoma and renal failure.
Epidemiology
  • 1:500 African American births and 1:1,000 Hispanic American births
  • 2 million Americans, or 1 in 12 African Americans, carry the sickle cell trait.
  • ~4,000–5,000 pregnancies are at risk of SC disease.
  • Life expectancy: Men, 42 yr; women, 48 yr
  • Prevalence estimated at 8% of African Americans
  • 8–10% of African Americans have SC ...

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Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) White cells Not remarkable Platelets Normal or slightly increased Red cells Hb and Hct decreased Microcytic, hypochromic anemia Reticulocytes normal or slightly increased Increased RDW Pencil or cigar shaped red cells, codocytes Bone marrow Normoblastic hyperplasia Absent hemosiderin Decreased sideroblasts (less than 10%) Normoblasts are smaller than normal with ragged rims of cytoplasm containing little hemoglobin Decreased serum iron Increased total iron binding capacity (TIBC) Decreased percentage of saturation (less than 15%) Decreased ferritin Increased zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) Peripheral Smear Bone MarrowCredit: From Anderson's Atlas of Hematology; Anderson, Shauna C., PhD. Copyright 2003, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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