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Child Abuse Updated 4/2011

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BASICS

  • Description
  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • General Prevention
  • Associated Conditions

DIAGNOSIS

  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Tests
  • Differential Diagnosis

TREATMENT

  • Medication (Drugs)
  • Additional Treatment
  • Surgery
  • In-patient Considerations

Ongoing Care

  • Follow-Up Recommendations
  • Diet
  • Patient Education
  • Prognosis
  • Complications
The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
  • Types of abuse: Neglect (most common and highest mortality), physical abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, sexual abuse—often in combination
  • Child Abuse Hotline by state: http://www.childwelfare.gov/responding/reporting.cfm or call 800-4-A-Child (800-422-4453)
  • System(s) affected: Gastrointestinal (GI); Endocrine/Metabolic; Musculoskeletal; Nervous; Renal; Reproductive; Skin/Exocrine; Psychiatric
  • Synonym(s): Suspected nonaccidental trauma, child maltreatment, child neglect
Epidemiology
Prevalence
  • An estimated 905,000 children in the US were victims of child abuse or neglect in 2006 out of approximately 3.6 million who received investigation (1).
  • It is estimated that the actual number of victims is 3× greater than number reported
  • Remains the 4th leading cause of childhood death in the US ...

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FIG. 26.6. Radiographic findings of child abuse. A: Multiple skull fractures in an infant. B: Left humeral fracture and multiple old healing rib fractures. C: Left femoral fracture and metaphyseal chip avulsion fractures of the right distal femur. D: Healing fracture of the right femur with callus formation and new periosteal bone formation. E: "Bucket-handle" deformity of healing distal tibial epiphyseal fracture. F: Bone scan shows multiple areas of increased uptake caused by trauma. Some of these areas appeared normal on the original radiographs.Credit: From Fleisher GR, MD, Ludwig S, MD, Baskin MN, MD. Atlas of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
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