The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
- Stones in common bile duct (CBD)
- 3 types: Cholesterol (majority), calcium bilirubinate or pigment, and mixed stones
- Pigment stones may form de novo in the CBD.
- System(s) affected: Gastrointestinal; Hepatobiliary
- Synonym(s): CBD stones; CBD calculi
Epidemiology
Incidence
- 700,000 cholecystectomies performed annually in US:
- 4.6–20% of patients with gallstones have choledocholithiasis discovered at time of cholecystectomy, depending on whether routine cholangiography is used.
- Increases with age (30–50% of patients >60 years old with gallstones have CBD stones):
- On average, present 10 years older than cholelithiasis patients
- Incidence of gallstones in US is 10–20%: Individuals >60 years old is up to 40%
- Internationally, incidence is increased due to parasitic infections such as Ascaris ...
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