The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
Sudden loss of kidney function resulting in retention of nitrogenous waste as well as electrolyte and volume homeostasis abnormalities, with or without oliguria (urine output <500 mL/d)
Epidemiology
Incidence
5% and 30% of hospital and ICU admissions, respectively, have a diagnosis of acute renal failure (ARF). 25% of patients develop ARF while in the hospital, and 50% of those cases are iatrogenic.
Risk Factors
- Comorbidities (e.g., liver failure, heart failure, diabetes)
- Advanced age
- Radiographic contrast material exposure
- Nephrotoxic medications (e.g., aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors)
- Volume depletion (e.g., sepsis, hemorrhage)
- Surgery
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Solitary kidney (risk in nephrolithiasis)
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
- Malignancy
Genetics
No known genetic pattern.
General Prevention
See Treatment ...
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