The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
- A neurologic syndrome with the essential features of abnormal, involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities
- Most commonly associated with long-term treatment with neuroleptic medications
- Movements can include grimacing, sticking out the tongue, and smacking and sucking the lips. Patients have choreiform characteristics (i.e., rapid, jerky, or nonrepetitive), athetoid characteristics (i.e., slow, sinuous, continual), or rhythmic characteristics.
- Tardive dyskinesia (TD) symptoms can begin during treatment with neuroleptics or within 4 weeks of discontinuing neuroleptics. TD can be mild, moderate, or severe.
- System(s) affected: Nervous; Musculoskeletal
- Synonym: Orofacial dyskinesia
Epidemiology
TD rates for patients beginning treatment with conventional antipsychotics in their 5th decade or later are 3–5× those found ...
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