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Urolithiasis Updated 4/2011

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BASICS

  • Description
  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • General Prevention
  • Pathophysiology
  • Etiology

DIAGNOSIS

  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Tests
  • Differential Diagnosis

TREATMENT

  • Medication (Drugs)
  • Additional Treatment
  • Surgery
  • In-patient Considerations

Ongoing Care

  • Follow-Up Recommendations
  • Diet
  • Prognosis
The following is an excerpt....
BASICS
Description
  • Stone formation within the urinary tract: Urinary crystals bind to form a nidus, which grows to form a calculus (stone).
  • Range of symptoms: Asymptomatic to obstructive; may be result of infection
Epidemiology
  • The worldwide epidemiology differs according to both geographic area (higher prevalence in hot, arid, or dry climates) and socioeconomic conditions (dietary intake and lifestyle). Radiolucent stones and stones secondary to infection are less influenced by environmental conditions.
  • Vesical calculosis (bladder stones) due to malnutrition in early life is frequent in Middle Eastern and Asian countries.
  • Incidences in industrialized countries appear to be increasing, probably due to improved diagnostics, as well as to increasingly rich diets.
  • Increased incidence in patients with surgically induced absorption issues such as ...

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